Umbilical artery doppler7/13/2023 ![]() ![]() It is more prevalent with increasing late childbearing and in persons with obesity. Chronic hypertension as hypertension diagnosed or present before pregnancy or before 20 weeks of gestation. Eclampsia has an increased maternal mortality rate especially in settings with low resources. Seizure leads to severe maternal hypoxia, injury, and aspiration pneumonia. Eclampsia is the onset of seizure activity or coma in a woman with preeclampsia with no history of preexisting pathology that can result in seizure activity. Hypertension is usually accompanied by new-onset proteinuria although other signs and symptoms of preeclampsia (thrombocytopenia, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, visual disturbance) may present in some women in the absence of proteinuria. Blood pressure is elevated more than 140 mm Hg systolic, more than 90 mm Hg diastolic. ![]() Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition and is defined as a new-onset of hypertension that occurs most often after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension does not persist longer than 12 weeks postpartum and usually resolves after a week postpartum. Defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or more, and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or more on two blood pressure readings at least four (4) hours apart after 20 weeks of gestation in a woman with previously normal blood pressure. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy include five categories of hypertension and are defined as such by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG): It is estimated that preeclampsia alone complicates 2-8% of pregnancies globally. If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to a life-threatening complication called HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) syndrome. ![]() These disorders include gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (also known as pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders, pregnancy induced hypertension) are the most common complications that occur during pregnancy and are a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. ![]()
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